“Distracted, fatigue driving is risky, install fatigue driving warning system!”. February 2 was the sixth day of the first lunar month. At about 5:45 p.m., a traffic accident occurred in Gaogang District, Taizhou: when a private car passed the intersection, it crashed and killed an octogenarian who was pushing a tricycle on the zebra crossing. The driver got off to check and left the scene and hid the car.
On the 17th, the second brigade of traffic police detachment of Taizhou Public Security Bureau reported that the perpetrator Liu was on the sunset network at the time of the incident. He was on the phone at the time of the incident, and the vehicle was seriously speeding. Now Liu has been released on bail. In addition to bearing criminal responsibility, he is also facing a lifelong ban on driving. Industry insiders pointed out that it is normal for the injured elderly to push across the zebra crossing, and Liu should bear full responsibility for the accident.
LS505 from Leisure Auto Safety
many drivers always have bad behaviors such as calling, smoking, looking around and tired driving when driving, and these bad driving habits are at great risk. Often they are the main cause of traffic accidents
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/LS505-brief_01.jpg14402560vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 03:24:112021-12-27 03:24:11Distraction and fatigue driving are risky. Install fatigue driving warning system!
As the saying goes, “sleepy in spring, tired in autumn and weak in summer”. The high temperature climate is coming gradually. From the perspective of various news reports, the accidents caused by fatigue driving are also increasing gradually.
Hazards of fatigue driving: Although fatigue driving accidents occur repeatedly, some car owners still lack awareness of the hazards of fatigue driving. What are the hazards of fatigue driving? Fatigue driving will affect the owner’s attention, perception, thinking ability, judgment, willpower, etc., which is accompanied by the current situation of blurred vision, weakness of limbs, slow response, mental laxity and so on. To sum up, it can be summarized as follows:
When the driver is slightly tired, the shift will be untimely and inaccurate.
When the driver is moderately tired, the operation is sluggish, and sometimes he even forgets the operation.
When the driver is in severe fatigue, he often acts slowly or prematurely, and in serious cases, he will lose control of the vehicle.
Improper operation or insufficient rest time can easily lead to road traffic accidents. Therefore, it is strictly prohibited to drive after fatigue.
So how to prevent fatigue driving?
In addition, using technology to assist driving and reduce or avoid fatigue driving accidents is a good means. Iraq love has been deeply cultivated in the field of active security defense for many years, At present, a forward collision warning system (ADAS), driver condition monitoring system (DSM) and blind zone monitoring system have been formed (BSD) and big data cloud platform are an integrated product system, which can accurately monitor and analyze people, vehicles and roads during driving through the combination of end + cloud, so as to realize multi-level data management of user safe operation. Among them, the driver status monitoring system (DSM) when the driver yawns, closes his eyes, lowers his head, makes a phone call, smokes and other behaviors, he will give a sound warning to remind the driver not to drive tired, which can reduce the accident risk to a certain extent. In addition, the driver’s driving status will be transmitted to the management cloud platform in the form of video, so that the manager can view it remotely and supervise and urge the driver in time And further measures such as education and training can be taken to strengthen management, so as to reduce the probability of accidents.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/14.jpg776826vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 03:19:592021-12-27 03:19:59Noodzaak om waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden te installeren DSM
Zoals we allemaal weten, heeft de logistieke sector behoefte aan tijdigheid, en de transportefficiëntie bepaalt ook het geldinkomen, dus het is de norm geworden voor vrachtwagenchauffeurs om hard te rijden. In dit geval rijden chauffeurs meestal in een staat van lichte of ernstige vermoeidheid, wat erg gevaarlijk is, omdat de reactiesnelheid van de hersenen van mensen in een staat van vermoeidheid sterk afneemt. Elk jaar gebeuren er in China veel ongelukken door vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden.
Ongeluk door vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden
Artikel 62 van de voorschriften voor de uitvoering van de verkeersveiligheidswet bepaalt dat het besturen van een motorvoertuig niet de volgende gedragingen mag vertonen: meer dan 4 uur onafgebroken een motorvoertuig besturen zonder te stoppen voor rust of minder dan 20 minuten stoppen.
Vrachtwagenchauffeurs rijden echter vaak meer dan 10 uur achter elkaar. Dit heeft te maken met hun onverschillig veiligheidsbewustzijn, maar het is meer te wijten aan de beperkingen van levensonderhoud en transporttijd. Om de schade van vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden aan de rijveiligheid te verminderen, kunnen we uitgaan van twee aspecten.
Veiligheidsbewustzijn creëren en het inkomen van transportmedewerkers verbeteren
De druk van het leven betekent dat veel vrachtwagenchauffeurs het belang van veiligheid negeren en van boven naar beneden veiligheidsbewustzijn creëren. Teammanagers besteden eerst aandacht aan veiligheidsmanagement en versterken de publiciteit en voorlichting over veilig rijden. Het team moet regelmatig veiligheidsvergaderingen organiseren om bekendheid te geven aan de schade van rijden uit vermoeidheid; de teamleider moet elke dag herinneren en controleren. Japan is het land met de minste ongevallen met vrachtwagens ter wereld, dankzij de invoering en verbetering van veiligheidsmanagementmechanismen. De tweede is het verminderen van de last op vrachtwagenchauffeurs en het verbeteren van het inkomen van beoefenaars in de transportindustrie. De combinatie van de twee kan de huidige situatie van vermoeidheid bij vrachtwagenchauffeurs fundamenteel verminderen. In dit stadium is de onbalans tussen het inkomen en de beloning van vrachtwagenchauffeurs de oorzaak van het probleem van vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden.
Invoering van waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden
Mercedes Benz, Lexus en andere fabrikanten zijn al lang op grote schaal gebruikt op het gebied van huishoudelijke voertuigen in termen van vermoeidheid rijden reminder functie. Het principe is om de oogstatus van de bestuurder, de rijhouding, de bediening van het gas- en rempedaal, het rijspoor, de handactie, enz. te detecteren en te analyseren door middel van sensoren en reservecamera's. Wanneer wordt gedetecteerd dat de bestuurder de neiging heeft om vermoeid te rijden, zal het trillen, zoemen, het herinneringspictogram op het instrumentenpaneel, enz. om de bestuurder te helpen de normale mentale toestand te herstellen en de bestuurder eraan te herinneren om te rusten.
Voor vrachtwagenchauffeurs is deze functie ongetwijfeld zeer nuttig. Wanneer de bestuurder slaperig en afgeleid is, kan de waarschuwingsfunctie voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden weliswaar niet direct de controle over het voertuig overnemen, maar de bestuurder eraan herinneren om op zijn mentale toestand te letten is ook een grote hulp voor veel bestuurders die lange afstanden rijden.
Op dit moment hebben binnenlandse vrachtwagenbedrijven geen modellen gelanceerd met een herinneringsfunctie voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden, wat afhankelijk is van zowel de kosten als de technologie, maar de uitvoerbaarheid van deze functie staat buiten kijf. In feite kan het effect van voorbelasting worden gerealiseerd door het installeren van het systeem voor vroegtijdige waarschuwing bij het rijden door vermoeidheid. Shenzhen automotive element Industry Co, Ltd is toegewijd aan het onderzoek en de ontwikkeling van de auto actieve veiligheidssysteem. Al in 2009 introduceerde het een geavanceerd rijassistentiesysteem van wereldklasse, dat botsingen van voren naar achteren effectief kan voorkomen. Met de voortdurende verbetering van het productsysteem nam het bedrijf in 2018 het voortouw bij de lancering van het systeem voor vroegtijdige waarschuwing voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden en het platform voor veiligheidsbeheer. De hardware voor vroegtijdige waarschuwing bij vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden is geïnstalleerd op de middenconsole van het voertuig, die vermoeidheid of slecht gedrag van de bestuurder, zoals het sluiten van de ogen, het laten zakken van het hoofd, geeuwen, bellen en roken, effectief kan detecteren en in realtime een alarm kan verzenden, met een herkenningsnauwkeurigheid van meer dan 95%, Dit is een zegen voor logistieke bedrijven en vrachtwagenchauffeurs.
Het waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden kan apart worden aangeschaft en geïnstalleerd, maar het is niet genoeg om de bestuurder er alleen via de lokale terminal aan te herinneren. Het veiligheidsbeheerplatform kan het slechte rijgedrag tijdens het rijden in realtime verzamelen, de foto's en video's uploaden naar het beheerplatform en de manager kan ze in realtime bekijken, wat de relevantie van het beheer sterk verbetert. De combinatie van de twee zal de rijveiligheid sterk verbeteren en ongelukken voorkomen.
Als u uw eigen vermoeidheidsmonitorsysteem en ADAS-producten, -merken of -software wilt ontwikkelen, aarzel dan niet om contact op te nemen met [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 03:14:152022-11-09 20:19:07Waarom moeten vrachtwagens een waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden installeren?
Het monitoringsysteem voor vermoeidheid van de bestuurder is een onderdeel van ADAS. Het registreert en analyseert de biologische gedragsinformatie van de bestuurder tijdens het rijden, detecteert de vermoeidheid van de bestuurder en waarschuwt vroegtijdig. Op dit moment zijn er twee belangrijke methoden voor het detecteren van vermoeidheid: de eerste is het analyseren van het rijgedrag van de bestuurder, dat wil zeggen door het analyseren van de gedragskenmerken van de bestuurder, zoals het draaien van het stuur en het trappen op de rem, om te beoordelen of de bestuurder moe is, maar deze methode wordt sterk beïnvloed door de gewoonten van de bestuurder; de tweede is het evalueren van de vermoeidheid van het gezicht en de oogkenmerken van de bestuurder door middel van beeldherkenning. De tweede methode wordt geleidelijk geaccepteerd en overgenomen door de belangrijkste motorenfabriek. Qingyan micro vision biedt een vroegtijdige waarschuwing voor vermoeidheid van de bestuurder door middel van expressieherkenning).
Om de potentiële veiligheidsrisico's veroorzaakt door vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden op te lossen, introduceerde de onlangs gelanceerde hanteng x7s in november 2017 een intelligent vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden aan boord dat gebruikmaakt van unieke gezichtsherkenningstechnologie.
Op dit moment is de ontwikkeling van een waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden op een onoverkomelijk knelpunt gestuit. Ten eerste is het moeilijk om on-board real-time detectie-instrumenten te realiseren. Op dit moment zijn de meeste detectiesensoren contact, wat vaak ongemak veroorzaakt bij de bestuurder of de werking van de bestuurder beïnvloedt tijdens het rijden zelf. Ten tweede is de vermoeidheidsindex niet objectief genoeg. Een enkele controle-index kan niet nauwkeurig meten of de bestuurder moe is of niet. Daarom is het zoeken naar een geschikt voertuig, realtime en objectieve vermoeidheidsindex het knelpunt geworden dat het systeem voor vroegtijdige waarschuwing voor vermoeidheid tijdens het rijden beperkt, zodat er geen op grote schaal gepopulariseerd product en commercialiseringsprestaties op dit gebied zijn geweest.
Het onderzoeksrapport over vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem industrie heeft tot doel om te beginnen met de nationale economische en industriële ontwikkelingsstrategie, het analyseren van de toekomstige beleidstrend van vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem en de ontwikkeling trend van toezicht systeem, tik op het marktpotentieel van vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem industrie, en bieden diepgaand onderzoek naar industriële schaal, industriële structuur, regionale structuur, concurrentie op de markt Levendige beschrijving van veranderingen in de markt vanuit meerdere invalshoeken, zoals industriële winstgevendheid en duidelijke ontwikkeling richting. Voorspellen van de marktvooruitzichten van vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem bedrijf in de toekomst, om klanten te helpen zich te ontdoen van het beleid mist en op zoek naar investeringsmogelijkheden in vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem industrie. Gebaseerd op veel analyse en voorspelling, het rapport bestudeert de toekomstige ontwikkeling en investeringsstrategie van vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem industrie, om vermoeidheid rijden vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem ondernemingen te voorzien van inzicht in de kansen in de felle concurrentie op de markt en tijdig aan te passen hun bedrijfsstrategieën op basis van de vraag op de markt, Het biedt nauwkeurige informatie over de markt en wetenschappelijke besluitvorming basis voor strategische investeerders om passende investeringsmogelijkheden te kiezen en de leiding van het bedrijf om strategische planning te maken.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/图片6-3.png300720vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 03:09:122021-12-27 03:09:12Wat is de marktontwikkeling van het waarschuwingssysteem voor vermoeidheid van de bestuurder? Industrie ontwikkelingspotentieel
According to the relevant statistical data, among the major traffic accidents on the expressway, the accidents caused by fatigue driving account for more than 40%. The effective early warning and control of driving behavior is the core factor to reduce the accident rate.
However, the concept of “driving fatigue” is still lack of a clear definition, and the judgment of driving behavior will be affected by individual differences.
In the process of improving technology and relevant standards, it has also attracted enterprises from different roles, including traditional auto parts manufacturers and AI vision startups.
Front loading is still blank, and the overall market is still passive
It has been 13 months since the Ministry of Communications issued the decree last year that operating buses over 9 meters must be equipped with a front view. Insiders said that although there is still a certain buffer period from the actual implementation, this policy will certainly be implemented in 2018.
At that time, the 9-meter bus without front view will not be able to obtain the safety certificate, and the mandatory standards force the market to respond. However, from the perspective of functional safety, AEB function can not achieve 100% safety in all scenarios after all, and fatigue early warning (or driving behavior monitoring) is a bonus to AEB.
Although there is no mandatory standard for fatigue driving early warning system, for suppliers, ADAS can play a limited role in the short term. At the same time, the market recognizes the role of fatigue driving early warning system in active safety, especially for the long average driving time of commercial vehicle drivers, which is more prone to fatigue, Many suppliers have shifted their business focus to the fatigue driving early warning system.
Although the market prospect seems good, in fact, many suppliers of fatigue driving early warning system are out of interest, which promotes the implementation of fatigue driving early warning system.
In the commercial vehicle market, in order to take a share in the field of active safety, many suppliers have accelerated their speed. For the forward-looking part, a complete set of SOP can be completed as soon as February and March next year. According to the previous speed, it takes nearly a year to complete a complete set of SOP.
However, there is only more than half a year left between now and February next year. It is difficult to say whether this behavior is the accurate control of the market or the rush to act just because of the selling points and market opportunities of the products.
In this process, although the cost of commercial vehicles is also one of the issues to be considered, most of the products used in commercial vehicles are promoted by the government and purchased uniformly, which is the main driving force of the fatigue driving early warning system carried on commercial vehicles.
In the passenger car market, the popularity of fatigue driving early warning system is very low. As the main consumer group in this part of the market, private car owners have different needs for products from commercial car owners, and there are few real safety considerations. Their purpose of using products is more because of freshness.
According to the monitoring data of ggai, by the end of last year, the penetration rate of passenger cars equipped with fatigue warning function was only 11.48%, and the actual production and sales accounted for less than 5%. Among them, the price of most configured models was more than 350000 yuan. Most of the suppliers were overseas manufacturers.
Especially for passenger cars below 200000, the installation cost of equipment is a big problem. The product combined with infrared camera and algorithm needs at least 1000 yuan. In addition, the practicability of the product is relatively low compared with passenger cars. Under comprehensive consideration, the possibility of selection by domestic users with high price sensitivity will be greatly reduced (especially most models choose the optional mode).
As for suppliers, they all want their products to enter the front decoration, so as to ensure stable and visible business income. A number of suppliers and principals of main engine manufacturers told Gaogong intelligent vehicle that there is no real front loading early warning product in the market at present.
The existing products are mostly installed in front of the sales end of some models through the 4S store. There is still a certain distance between such “quasi front loading” and the real “landing” of the fatigue driving early warning system.
The trend of integrating ADAS scheme is obvious
At present, the development trend of fatigue driving early warning system is to combine with ADAS function to realize the integration of in cabin and out cabin safety.
For example, if the fatigue driving warning system is combined with the functions of AEB, it can not only remind, but also realize autonomous braking in dangerous situations, and the safety will be greatly enhanced. It can be said that only when the fatigue driving early warning system is combined with the forward-looking ADAS function can a complete closed-loop ADAS system be formed.
The future fatigue driving early warning system may be based on one platform, integrate internal and external vision, realize systematic safety assessment and risk prediction based on the same chip computing platform, and respond by relying on preset programs.
This safety concept has great potential in the market of “two customers and one danger”, and it is also a key breakthrough field for many suppliers at present. In addition, all kinds of dangerous goods transport vehicles, heavy vehicles, port vehicles, including railway dangerous goods transport vehicles, are now the competitive markets of major suppliers.
The development of fatigue driving early warning system products is a long-term process. The fusion algorithm and hardware also involve image recognition. It needs to accumulate and debug the sample database for a long time, and there is no shortcut in technology.
However, at present, the R & D and production of fatigue driving early warning equipment in China is still in a passive state. More suppliers frankly say that at present, there are few domestic suppliers who have completely independent research and development, and even many are replicating. To be stable and accurate, a large number of data improvement iterations are required. It is not only a matter of time, but also involves economic benefits. Many problems need to be overcome in the process.
The OEMs said that the biggest bottleneck in the technical solutions of domestic suppliers is to develop algorithms based on the established chip solutions of the OEMs, but there are still large gaps in this part.
No matter whether the real front loading products can land or not, the development of domestic fatigue driving early warning system is inevitable. But what can really stand the test of the market and finally survive is the products with excellent technology.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/图片2-3.png5001000vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 03:06:442021-12-27 03:06:44The development trend of fatigue driving early warning system is to combine with ADAS function
Fatigue driving is a very common and difficult problem to solve in all kinds of dynamic traffic violations on expressway. On the highway, fatigue driving is one of the three major causes of serious traffic accidents. How to prevent fatigue driving and reduce road traffic accidents has become a major problem in public security traffic safety management.
Installing a fatigue driving warning system in the vehicle can effectively reduce such problems. Fatigue driving early warning system is a driver fatigue monitoring and early warning product based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics. It infers the driver’s fatigue state through the driver’s facial features, eye signals and head mobility, and gives an alarm and takes corresponding measures.
So, technically, how is this early warning realized?
First, there will be a DSM camera in the cockpit, which can capture the driver’s image in real time.
This is the direction of sight. Look down? Look right? Look left? Can be identified.
Combining the head posture and the direction of attention of the line of sight, you can also identify which area of the cockpit the driver is looking at, whether it is the driving center control screen or the rear-view mirror, whether it is the left rear-view mirror or the right, or whether he is looking down to play with his mobile phone. Through these signals, the status of the driver can be identified.
In addition, the driver may have some abnormal actions while driving——
For example, smoking is a dangerous driving behavior.
For example, when making a phone call, this behavior can also be recognized through a simple camera.
Yawning is a typical sign of fatigue driving. We recognize through the camera and issue an early warning.
It is through the DSM camera installed above the truck and combined with the background AI algorithm that when the driver starts to doze off, the algorithm on the equipment can identify his fatigue state and send an early warning.
Als u uw eigen producten, merken of software voor vermoeidheidsmonitorsystemen wilt ontwikkelen, aarzel dan niet om contact op te nemen met [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 02:49:132021-12-27 02:49:59How is the fatigue driving early warning system realized?
Drive on the road
As long as it’s not illegal
Long time driving
Driver knowledge and passenger knowledge
I don’t know if the traffic police are not around?
absolutely wrong!
recently
Foshan traffic police passed the early warning system
Intercepted a long driving vehicle!
8:58 on March 10
Foshan traffic police first ring brigade received
Design of “expressway key vehicle early warning system”
Warning information:
The driver of a heavy truck with number plate Qiong A87 * * 3
Suspected of fatigue driving in Guangtai expressway section under the jurisdiction
After receiving the report, the police deployed rapidly
Immediately organize the police to intercept
At 9:50, the suspect vehicle was stopped
Tested by on-site GPS
Indicates that the vehicle has been driven continuously for more than 4 hours
Driver Xie’s concern about his fatigue driving
There is no objection to illegal acts
subsequently
The police punished the driver according to law
And carried out law popularization education
In exchange for tired driving
It could be a heavy price
The traffic police department has been conducting a thorough investigation!
The Traffic Management Bureau of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department and the communication information center of the Ministry of transport have cooperated to develop the “dynamic supervision and early warning information service system for key vehicles on expressways in Guangdong Province”. By accessing the relevant data of national key vehicles of “two passengers, one danger and one goods” of the Ministry of transport, the relevant data resources are integrated to effectively improve the supervision of key vehicles driving in Guangdong Province, Improve the accuracy and effectiveness of accident prevention and control and illegal investigation and punishment.
They say “tired driving is stronger than a tiger”
What is the harm of fatigue driving?
How should we prevent it?
Hazards of fatigue driving
When the driver is tired, the judgment ability decreases, the reaction is slow and the operation error increases;
When the driver is slightly tired, the shift will be untimely and inaccurate;
When the driver is moderately tired, the operation is sluggish, and sometimes he even forgets the operation;
When drivers are in severe fatigue, they often operate subconsciously or sleep for a short time. In severe cases, they will lose control of the vehicle.
When the driver is tired, there will be blurred vision, sour back pain, rigid movement, swollen hands and feet, or lack of concentration, slow response, incomplete thinking, mental laxity, anxiety, impatience and other phenomena.
Fatigue driving is so terrible. How should we prevent it?
Methods of alleviating fatigue driving
If you are on the highway, you’d better take a rest in the nearest service area for 1.5 to 2 hours; If the driver does not rest well or feels a little tired, do not drive into the highway.
Keep enough sleep the day before driving. When driving, you can occasionally open the window for ventilation to keep yourself awake and divert your attention. You can carry gum with the car and chew to keep your face moving. When you feel tired and can’t stop temporarily, you can listen to some songs and sing along with the music to keep yourself awake.
Listen to the vehicle’s active safety reminder intervention. At present, many models are equipped with driving fatigue reminder system. When the system senses that the owner has not been merging, acceleration and deceleration operation for a long time and driving time is too long, the instrument will appear “coffee cup” for warning. When the owner finds the warning, he needs to stop and rest to avoid unnecessary accidents.
besides
More tips to relieve fatigue driving ↓
Avoid the high-risk driving time period. The human body is most likely to be sleepy at 3:00 a.m. and 3:00 to 4:00 p.m. and is prone to traffic accidents due to dozing and mental wandering. It is best to avoid driving during this time period.
Adjust your visual center. Don’t keep your eyes on the center line of the road. Be sure to keep a safe distance from the car in front when driving at high speed.
Let your body move during the interval of parking. You can get off and let your body move. If it is inconvenient to get off, you can lose no time to twist your neck and shake your shoulders in the car, and do some fighting actions in the car, which is more beneficial to cheer up your spirit.
Eat more carrots and cabbage. Vitamins are real sobering agents. They can dispose of the metabolites accumulated when people are tired as soon as possible. For example, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, potatoes, apples, kelp and soybeans are all foods to prevent fatigue and can help overcome fatigue. You should eat more. At the same time, remember to eat less greasy meat.
Driving drowsiness with light helps to regulate the biological clock, inhibit the secretion of melatonin and reduce drowsiness. Therefore, if you drive at night, you might as well stop halfway, go to the small shop or supermarket on the side of the road to buy something, and use the light there to drive away sleepiness.
Reduce the temperature in the car. If the car is too warm and comfortable, it will aggravate sleepiness. You can use the air conditioner in the car to lower the temperature. If it’s night, you can open the window for a while to blow the cold air.
Drink a cup of coffee half an hour before driving to stimulate the brain and keep you awake and refreshed. However, it takes 15 ~ 30 minutes to take effect after drinking. Therefore, you can drink a cup of coffee or green tea as appropriate half an hour before driving.
Wash your face in cold water. Before driving, you can wash your face in cold water to stimulate sympathetic nerves and clear your mind.
The aroma of rosemary, mint and Eucalyptus can wake up. Before driving, you might as well drop a few drops of this kind of plant essential oil in the carriage to help keep your mind clear during driving.
Police reminder
Drivers, please try not to rush at night and drive tired. During driving, you should reasonably arrange rest time to ensure adequate sleep. Continuous driving should not exceed 4 hours and parking rest time should not be less than 20 minutes.
When driving on high-speed sections, pay attention to the principle of “entering every three times”, and go in and have a good rest when passing the third service area.
Als u uw eigen producten, merken of software voor vermoeidheidsmonitorsystemen wilt ontwikkelen, aarzel dan niet om contact op te nemen met [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/80cb39dbb6fd526666f6913e9d41cf2dd507369e.jpeg500500vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 02:41:322021-12-27 02:41:32It’s all right if you don’t get seen by the traffic police? Real time monitoring of early warning system!
With the rapid development of social economy, people’s living standards are improving. Fast, comfortable and convenient life has also become the goal of people’s constant pursuit, making the number of motor vehicles in China increasing. According to the statistics of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of public security, by the end of June 2016, the national car ownership had reached 285 million, including 184 million cars; There are 342 million motor vehicle drivers, including 296 million motor vehicle drivers. With the continuous development of automobile industry, the improvement of people’s living standards and the large increase of the number of motor vehicles and drivers, people’s living conditions and quality have been significantly improved. At the same time, the traffic accident rate is also increasing year by year.
In recent years, China has been one of the countries with the largest number of deaths due to traffic accidents in the world. It is shown that since 2000, the incidence of traffic accidents in China has been more than ten years, ranking first in the world. Traffic accident is one of the serious social problems faced by countries all over the world. It has been recognized as the largest public hazard endangering human life and safety in the world. At least 500000 people die every year due to traffic accidents. The statistical analysis of traffic accidents in European and American countries shows that 80% ~ 90% of traffic accidents are caused by human factors. According to the statistics of the national highway traffic safety administration of the United States, about 100000 traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling into sleep during driving every year, about 1500 directly lead to personal death and 7.11 million lead to personal injury. The situation is similar in Europe. For example, 25% of traffic accidents causing casualties on highways in Germany are caused by fatigue driving. According to the statistics of China’s Ministry of communications in 2001, 48% of traffic accidents in China are caused by driver fatigue, with direct economic losses of billions of dollars. With the development of Expressway and the improvement of vehicle speed, the fatigue detection of automobile drivers has become an important part of automobile safety research.
Fatigue driving has been listed as one of the main causes of traffic accidents, which must be paid high attention.
Click to enter the picture review
In the automotive industry, advanced intelligent driving assistance system mainly appears in the front loading link of a few high-end cars, while there are a large number of medium and low-end cars in China’s car ownership, which is rarely guaranteed by advanced driving assistance system. Adding advanced intelligent driving assistance system in the automotive aftermarket can also play a better protective role.
Fatigue driving warning system in advanced intelligent driving assistance system (ADAS) (DMS) can monitor the driver’s fatigue status, driving behavior, etc. in the process of driving. After discovering the driver’s fatigue, yawning, squinting and other wrong driving conditions, the early warning system will timely analyze such behaviors and give voice and light prompts. It is a way to warn the driver and correct the wrong driving behavior.
So what is the fatigue driving warning system? How does the fatigue driving early warning system work and how to ensure that drivers can give early warning in case of fatigue driving and danger?
Fatigue driving warning system means that once the driver’s mental state declines or enters shallow sleep, the system will give voice prompt, vibration prompt and electric pulse warning respectively according to the driver’s mental state index to warn the driver that he has entered the fatigue state and needs to rest, and automatically record relevant data for future reference and identification. Its function is to monitor and remind the driver of his own fatigue state and reduce the potential harm of driver fatigue driving. Many countries pay more attention to the research of fatigue driving early warning system. The early fatigue driving evaluation is mainly carried out from the medical point of view with the help of medical devices.
At present, the widely used fatigue driving early warning system (DMS) collects, analyzes and processes the changes of driver physiological and other non physiological signals to judge whether the driver is in fatigue and sleep. The fatigue driving system based on image processing is mainly composed of the following modules:
Click to enter the picture review
The front end of the system is the image acquisition module. The camera equipped with image sensor will collect images at all times to ensure that the driver’s facial features and limb images can be collected all day in various environments. Achieve timeliness and accuracy, no delay monitoring.
The image acquisition module is mainly responsible for uninterrupted image acquisition, while the image processing module analyzes and processes the collected images. Each frame of image needs digitization, noise reduction, filtering, reconstruction and other processing, and then transmits it to the central processing unit. The image processing algorithm is used to continuously optimize the results, and then output the results for early warning through indicator lights and sounds.
The whole system mainly infers the driver’s fatigue state by using the driver’s facial features, eye signals and head movement characteristics, and gives alarm prompts and takes corresponding measures, which is conducive to the driver’s more intuitive judgment of the vehicle state and gives active and intelligent safety guarantee to the driver and passengers.
Click to enter the picture review
After understanding how the fatigue driving early warning system works, let’s take a look at how the fatigue driving early warning system can ensure that the system can give early warning in time when drivers have fatigue or other dangerous behaviors.
When the image sensor continuously captures the image data frame by frame, it is transmitted to the processor module, and the processor will also preprocess and analyze each frame of image. Traffic accidents happen in a few seconds. According to research and investigation, early warning 2 seconds in advance will reduce 92% of traffic accidents, and early warning 0.5 seconds in advance will avoid 73% of traffic accidents. Therefore, in order to achieve more accurate and rapid early warning effect, the processing performance and software algorithm of the processor are required to reach a higher level. High speed hardware processing system and optimized algorithm are an important reason to ensure timely early warning.
Hardware performance
In the general image processing system, whether DSP or arm system, it mainly uses the computing performance of CPU to meet the processing requirements. However, generally, such hardware performance can deal with complex computing. The repeatability and large number of graphic computing will cause processing delay and can not meet the performance requirements of high-speed hardware processing.
In general systems, the number of CPU cores does not exceed two digits, and systems equipped with more graphics dedicated processor GPUs will perfectly solve the above problems. GPU can realize dozens of hundreds of cores to calculate data at the same time, and perform better acceleration performance in dealing with huge graphics data processing, so as to realize the rapidity of image processing.
Software performance
Software performance is mainly reflected in algorithm optimization. The camera transforms the image from three-dimensional to two-dimensional, and carries out feature recognition and decision-making judgment through the algorithm in the two-dimensional graphics, which will greatly increase the difficulty of the algorithm, which is also a reason for the low recognition accuracy of the traditional fatigue driving system.
Through 3D point cloud technology, the graphics can be restored and reconstructed into a three-dimensional image to realize the description of the three-dimensional coordinates of the characteristic pixels. In the three-dimensional image, it is conducive to capture the information of fatigue state, such as opening and closing of mouth, closing of eyes, change of pupil, low head and so on, so as to achieve good recognition of features. The continuous optimization of the algorithm is one of the important guarantees for the accuracy of early warning.
The application of deep machine learning technology will better realize artificial intelligence. In the fatigue driving early warning system, the convolution neural network of deep machine learning technology can identify and express the features more accurately. Due to the high training cost, ordinary neural networks generally have only 3-4 layers, while deep neural networks can reach 8-10 layers due to special training methods and some small tricks. Deep neural network can capture the deep connections in the data, so as to get a more accurate model, and these connections are not easy to be found by ordinary machine learning methods.
The fatigue driving early warning system is mainly used to detect and judge the driver’s fatigue state and other bad driving behaviors in real time. When it is detected that the driver’s behavior will be unfavorable to driving safety, the system will quickly give an early warning display and convey the danger signal to the driver, so as to correct and avoid accidents in time.
In the case of frequent traffic accidents and serious driving safety problems, the emergence of driver fatigue driving early warning system will well ensure driving safety. Every driver can ensure the correctness of his driving behavior, which will better reduce the accident rate and truly achieve the good application of advanced driving assistance system.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 02:22:302021-12-27 02:22:30In depth understanding of fatigue driving warning system (DMS)
Driving fatigue refers to the decline in the driver’s reaction ability caused by lack of sleep or long-term continuous driving. This decline is manifested in the driver’s drowsiness, dozing, wrong driving operation or complete loss of driving ability.
Driving fatigue is reflected in both physiological and psychological aspects, including the function of nervous system, blood and eye changes; Psychological reaction includes prolonged reaction time, distraction and uncoordinated action. The investigation and Research on the causes of traffic accidents by Indiana University in the United States found that 85% of accidents are related to drivers, and only 15% are vehicle and environmental factors.
The driver’s behaviors and faults immediately before the accident directly lead to the accident. These behaviors include perceptual delay, wrong decision-making on the environment, improper handling of dangerous situations and so on. Among all driver errors, the most common are perceptual delay and decision-making errors. These errors will lead to inattention, slow reflection, improper operation and so on. The root cause of these errors is driving fatigue. Due to drivers’ fatigue driving, the level of vigilance decreases, resulting in the increase of traffic accidents, which has become a hot spot of general concern in the society.
If the driver drives tired, his ability of observation, recognition and vehicle control will be significantly reduced, which will seriously threaten his own safety and the lives of others. With the development of transportation industry, traffic accidents have become a serious problem faced by all countries.
Main monitoring methods of driver fatigue
The monitoring and early warning technology of driver fatigue and distraction has been highly valued by various countries because of its development prospect in traffic accident prevention. Researchers have carried out various research according to the physiological and operational characteristics of driver fatigue. Some research results have formed products and began to enter the market.
The detection methods of driver’s fatigue state can be roughly divided into detection methods based on driver’s physiological signal, driver’s physiological response characteristics, driver’s operation behavior and vehicle state information.
1. Detection method based on driver’s physiological signal
The research on fatigue began in physiology. Relevant research shows that the physiological indexes of drivers in fatigue state will deviate from the indexes of normal state. Therefore, whether the driver enters the fatigue state can be judged by the physiological indexes of the driver. At present, the more mature detection methods include the measurement of EEG and ECG of drivers.
Researchers have long found that EEG can directly reflect the activity of the brain. It is found that when entering the fatigue state, the activities of delta wave and theta wave in EEG will increase significantly, while the activities of alpha wave will increase slightly. In another study [6], EEG signals were monitored in simulators and real vehicles. The test results show that EEG is an effective method for monitoring driver fatigue. The researchers also found that EEG signal characteristics have great personal differences, such as gender and personality, and are also closely related to people’s psychological activities.
ECG is mainly used in the physiological measurement of driving burden. Research shows that ECG will decrease obviously and regularly when drivers are tired, and there is a potential relationship between HRV (heart rate change) and the change of fatigue degree during driving.
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological signal has high accuracy in fatigue judgment, but the physiological signal needs to be measured by contact, and it is highly dependent on individuals. It has many limitations when actually used in the driver’s fatigue monitoring. Therefore, it is mainly used in the experimental stage as the control parameter of the experiment.
2. Detection method based on driver’s physiological response characteristics
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics refers to inferring the driver’s fatigue state by using the driver’s eye movement characteristics and head movement characteristics.
The driver’s eye movement and blink information are considered to be important characteristics to reflect fatigue. Blink amplitude, blink frequency and average closing time can be directly used to detect fatigue. At present, there are many algorithms to study driving fatigue based on eye movement mechanism. The widely used algorithms include PERCLOS, which takes the percentage of eyelid closure time in a period of time as the measurement index of physiological fatigue.
Using face recognition technology to locate the positions of eyes, nose tip and mouth corner, combine the positions of eyes, nose tip and mouth corner, and then according to the tracking of eyes, we can obtain the driver’s attention direction and judge whether the driver’s attention is distracted.
The head position sensor is used to detect the driver’s nodding action. The position of the driver’s head from each sensor is output through the capacitive sensor array, which can track the position of the head in real time and determine whether the driver is sleepy according to the change law of the head position. This study found that there is a very good correlation between nodding action and sleepiness.
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics generally adopts non-contact measurement, which has good recognition accuracy and practicability.
3. Detection method based on driver’s operation behavior
Driver fatigue state recognition technology based on driver’s operation behavior refers to inferring driver’s fatigue state through driver’s operation behavior, such as steering wheel operation.
By processing the monitored driver’s steering wheel operation data, the research results reveal the relationship between driver’s steering wheel operation and fatigue to a certain extent. It is pointed out that the operation of steering wheel is an effective means to judge driving fatigue.
Generally speaking, there are few in-depth research results on fatigue identification using driver’s operation behavior. In addition to the fatigue state, the driver’s operation is also affected by personal habits, driving speed, road environment and operation skills. The driving state of the vehicle is also related to many environmental factors such as vehicle characteristics and roads. Therefore, how to improve the prediction accuracy of the driver’s state is the key problem of this kind of indirect measurement technology.
4. Detection method based on vehicle trajectory
The fatigue state of drivers can also be inferred by using vehicle driving information such as vehicle trajectory change and lane departure. Like the fatigue state recognition technology based on the driver’s operation behavior, this method is based on the existing devices of the vehicle, does not need to add too many hardware equipment, and will not interfere with the driver’s normal driving, so it has high practical value.
Fatigue driving recognition system based on video technology
In April 1999, the Federal Highway Administration first proposed PERCLOS as a feasible method to predict motor vehicle drivers’ driving fatigue. After years of development, PERCLOS method has been recognized as the most effective, on-board and real-time driving fatigue evaluation method. PERCLOS is the abbreviation of percentage of eye closure over the pupil time, which means the percentage of eye closure time in unit time.
The principle of PERCLOS is to count the time proportion of eye closure in a certain period of time. The evaluation standard adopted by our system is perclos80, which means that the eye is considered closed when the area of the eyelid covering the pupil exceeds 80%.
PERCLOS measurement principle
The value of PERCLOS can be calculated by measuring T1-T4:
Where f represents the percentage of eye closure time, i.e. the value of PERCLOS.
System scheme and workflow of fatigue driving recognition system based on video technology
The driver fatigue monitoring system obtains the driver’s real-time image through the video acquisition equipment, automatically analyzes the driver’s head posture, eye movement law and facial features to determine the driver’s mental state, and gives the corresponding early warning prompt. The research shows that compared with the law of face or head movement, the law of eye activity, such as blink frequency, blink speed, eye opening range and eye gaze direction, can better reflect the mental state of the subjects at the current time.
Therefore, if the eye size, position information and motion changes in each frame of image can be obtained, the driver’s eye activity law can be counted for a period of time, and the driver’s fatigue state can be evaluated in combination with the fatigue state analysis index. The system flow is shown in the figure below:
Image preprocessing
In the driving environment, the image collected through the video stream will be affected by many factors, including noise information, such as resolution, system noise, abrupt background, etc., which will interfere with the next image operation. Therefore, we preprocess the source image by histogram equalization to remove noise, enhance image contrast, highlight image details and improve image quality.
Before and after equalization
Histogram before equalization histogram after equalization
Face detection
Face detection is an important step before eye location. The system adopts AdaBoost algorithm and uses the provided sample training and detection methods. Firstly, samples are collected and a classifier is trained from the collected samples. The classifier can distinguish human face and non human face well; In the detection link, load the image frame to be tested into the classifier, scan the image pixels to find the face contained in the image and calibrate the area. The subsequent operations will be carried out in the calibrated face area to reduce the calculation area and eliminate the interference of non face factors, which greatly improves the operation rate of the system.
Eye location
This link includes two stages: rough human eye positioning and accurate human eye positioning. Firstly, according to the prior knowledge of Chinese traditional three courtyards and five eyes, there must be an approximate area of human eyes in rough positioning. This area may contain interference such as eyebrows and hair angles at the same time, but it further reduces the calculation area; Then, the rough area of the human eye is converted into a binary image through a certain threshold, and then the gray projection in the vertical direction is carried out to obtain the histogram. Because there is a large difference between the gray of the human eye and the surrounding skin, the Y coordinates of the upper and lower edges of the human eye can be determined from the peaks and troughs in the histogram, and then the eyes can be accurately located.
Eye state judgment
Through the maximum interclass variance method (Otsu), the accurate area of human eyes is binarized with different thresholds under different light rays to obtain the best eye shape when human eyes are open and closed. Through the comparison of continuous n frames, it can be judged that the driver is currently in the closed state when the area of black pixel value is the smallest, and in other cases, it is in the open or semi open state.
Fatigue analysis
The system selects the currently recognized and effective percols fatigue evaluation index, that is, the fatigue state is analyzed by the time proportion of eye closed frames in consecutive n frames. The eye open frames are recorded as “1” value and the eye closed frames are recorded as “0” value. In this way, after consecutive n frames, the staggered sequence of “1” and “0” can be obtained, The analysis of fatigue state can be described by the proportion of “0” value in the sequence. When the percentage is higher than a certain experimental proportion, it can be considered that the driver may be tired.
Through the operation and processing of the above five steps, the system can analyze whether the current driver is in fatigue state and fatigue degree from the video stream obtained by the acquisition equipment, and give different degrees of reminder and alarm, so as to achieve the system goal.
Comprehensive judgment of fatigue degree
The judgment of driver fatigue will be adversely affected by error inspection. Through the calculation of PERCLOS, eye closing time, eye blinking frequency, mouth opening degree and head movement, the comprehensive judgment of driver fatigue can be carried out accurately and effectively.
PERCLOS
PERCLOS refers to the percentage of eye closure time in a specific time. PERCLOS method has three criteria: p70, p80 and em. The research shows that p80 has the best correlation with fatigue degree.
Mouth opening
There are usually three states of the mouth: closing, speaking and yawning. In the fatigue state, people will frequently yawn, and it will be found that there is a trough in the horizontal gray projection curve of the lower half of the area, that is, the position between the lips. Binarize the lower part of the face, and calculate the pixel value of the connected area (the connected area can prevent nostrils and whiskers from affecting the calculation) from the lips up and down to obtain the opening degree of the mouth.
Eye height and mouth height compensation
When the vertical distance from the upper eyelid to the lower eyelid and the vertical distance from the upper lip to the lower lip, because the driver’s head moves relative to the detection equipment, in order to realize the accurate calculation of the driver’s eye height and mouth height, it is necessary to correct the changes caused by the relative changes in the distance between the eyes, mouth and the detection equipment.
Eye closure time
Eye closure time is generally expressed by the time from eye closure to opening. When a person is in a normal awake state, the closing time of his eyes is very short and he will open his eyes quickly. In case of fatigue, the eye closure time will be significantly longer, so the eye closure time can directly reflect the driver’s mental state. By calculating the maximum number of frames from eye closure to opening, the more frames, the longer the closing time, and the more serious the fatigue.
Eyes blink less frequently. The horizontal gray projection is performed on the lower half of the face, and the horizontal gray projection curves of different single person images are observed,
People blink more frequently when they are tired than when they are awake. This paper also takes it as a parameter as the basis of fatigue judgment. Blink once when the eyes are closed to open. The number of blinks in a period of time is accumulated as a parameter for fatigue judgment.
Fatigue parameters of head movement
When the driver is tired, he will nod frequently and tilt his head forward. The horizontal positions of eye pupil and mouth corner are obtained by horizontal gray integral projection. Suppose D1 is the distance from the horizontal position of the pupil to the upper edge of the collected picture, and D2 is the distance from the horizontal position of the corner of the mouth to the lower edge of the collected picture. When the driver nods due to fatigue, D1 increases and D2 decreases. When the driver is tired and the head tilts forward, D1 increases and D2 increases. Nodding and head leaning forward can be used as an important basis for fatigue judgment.
Current situation of fatigue driving monitoring technology
Driver fatigue monitor launched by attention technologies (dd850) is a driver fatigue monitoring and early warning product based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics. The product collects the driver’s eye information through the infrared camera and uses PERCLOS as the fatigue alarm indicator. It can be directly installed on the instrument panel. The alarm sensitivity and alarm sound can be adjusted. At present, it has been popularized and applied, but it is only effective at night.
The s.a.m. fatigue alarm device developed by digital installations in the United States uses a magnetic strip placed under the steering wheel to detect the steering wheel angle. If the driver does not make any correction to the steering wheel for a period of time, the system infers that the driver enters a fatigue state and triggers an alarm.
Safetrac of assistware technology company of the United States uses the front video head to identify the lane line and give an alarm when the vehicle starts to deviate from the lane. The product can also judge the driver’s fatigue state by combining the lane holding state with the driver’s steering wheel operating characteristics.
The astid device in the UK comprehensively considers various factors such as the driver’s sleep information, the length and type of driving completed, and the driver’s steering wheel operation to judge the driver’s fatigue state. Before the device operates, the driver needs to input his sleep information in the past 24 hours. When the visual alarm reaches a certain level, the audible alarm will be triggered, and the driver is advised to stop and rest. After a period of rest, the built-in alarm clock will wake up the driver and reset the driving time.
In addition to these products, there are also fatigue alarm bracelets that detect fatigue through wrist movement and bracelets that can be hung on eyes and legs
Als u uw eigen producten, merken of software voor vermoeidheidsmonitorsystemen wilt ontwikkelen, aarzel dan niet om contact op te nemen met [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 02:18:512021-12-27 02:18:51How to identify the driver’s fatigue state in the vehicle fatigue driving identification and early warning system？
The thrill of fatigue driving is no less than that of drunk driving. Drivers are sleepy, unresponsive and weak in limbs. Even if they fall asleep and drive the car into the ditch, they may not be able to avoid sudden pedestrians and suddenly stopped trucks. According to the research of world authoritative institutions, more than 60% of the world’s major traffic accidents are caused by drivers’ lack of energy. So can we take the initiative to prevent fatigue driving? It can only be said that we have to develop good work and rest and eating habits by ourselves. It is certain to ensure adequate sleep before driving. It is best to take a friend who can drive before long-distance driving and drive in turn. At the same time, we should avoid maintaining a fixed posture for a long time. We can often adjust the sitting posture of local fatigue parts and breathe deeply to promote blood circulation; In addition, maintain a good working environment. During driving, keep the air in the cab unblocked, with appropriate temperature and humidity, and properly play some refreshing music.
When driving in the future, we should: wholeheartedly maintain safety and never forget safety in every word and deed; One gear and one foot comply with safety, and one bend and one slope ensure safety; If you are tired, don’t drive a “confused car”, be modest and cautious, don’t drive a “hero car”, abide by the law and discipline, and don’t drive a “illegal car”. Consciously obey the inspection and command of the public security traffic management personnel, consciously abide by the traffic laws and regulations, do not drink and drive, do not overspeed and overload, actively accept the safety education activities of the public security traffic police and the school, and strive to be a leader in abiding by the discipline and law.
Als u uw eigen producten, merken of software voor vermoeidheidsmonitorsystemen wilt ontwikkelen, aarzel dan niet om contact op te nemen met [email protected] We zullen je niet teleurstellen.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00vrije tijdautoveiligheidhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngvrije tijdautoveiligheid2021-12-27 02:10:222021-12-27 02:10:22Ervaring met rijden uit vermoeidheid
NL 
EN 
DE 
FR 
IT 
JA 
KO 
PL 
PT 
RU 
ES