At present, enterprises across the country have fully resumed work and production, with high-speed traffic pressure and large demand for freight transportation. There are many freight vehicles on expressways across the country, and traffic safety has also increased. The country advocates the use of ADAS anti-collision warning + fatigue driving warning equipment for cargo transport vehicles to remind owners of fatigue driving in real time.
Freight transport vehicle ADAS anti-collision warning + fatigue driving warning system
Adas anti collision warning system
Fatigue driving warning
Why do you do fatigue driving monitoring?
According to the statistics of major accidents in Xi’an in 2019, there were 14 fatal accidents caused by truck fatigue driving from 22:00 at night to 6:00 the next day, resulting in 17 deaths. The number of accidents accounted for 34.1% of the total number of fatal accidents in 2019, and the number of deaths accounted for 37.8% of the total number of deaths in 2019.
Freight transport vehicle ADAS anti-collision warning + fatigue driving warning system
Fatigue driving is one of the important causes of traffic accidents caused by “two passengers, one dangerous and one cargo” professional transport vehicles, and the consequences are often serious. Truck drivers in fatigue driving have a sharp decline in driving skills, sleepiness, weakness of limbs and lack of attention. It is difficult to effectively control trucks, which poses a great threat to other vehicles, and are very likely to cause traffic accidents and tragedies.
Adas anti collision warning system
Adas anti-collision early warning system uses the intelligent image sensor (camera) installed on the front windshield to identify various vehicles in front of the vehicle during driving, and calculate the time distance of possible collision in real time. Once there is a collision risk, the system will immediately send a sound to remind the driver to pay attention to avoid traffic accidents.
Freight transport vehicle ADAS anti-collision warning + fatigue driving warning system
Fatigue driving warning system
The fatigue detection system is mainly composed of a special camera for fatigue detection and a fatigue detection terminal host. The camera installed on the driver’s dashboard directly captures the driver’s face and accurately locates the driver’s eyes. The system will automatically determine and analyze the closed state and frequency of human eyes and the judgment of the driver’s face orientation, At the same time, combined with the current vehicle speed, and according to the detection logic rules set by things, the driver’s fatigue state is judged based on a variety of parameters, for example, when the driver is at a certain speed and the eye closing time reaches the alarm value, Or when the driver’s face does not face forward for more than a certain time (such as lowering the head for 3 seconds), the system will automatically send out an alarm sound to prompt the driver for misoperation and fatigue driving. When the situation is serious, the system will also notify the background monitoring center of the alarm information through the network, and the driver will be supervised by manual intervention.
Considering that most drivers have the habit of driving with sunglasses, and the special camera for fatigue detection adopts the infrared light filling lens with special wavelength, which can effectively penetrate the driver’s sunglasses and will not be unable to use the fatigue detection system because the driver wears sunglasses.
Freight transport vehicle ADAS anti-collision warning + fatigue driving warning system
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While paying attention to economic benefits, cargo transportation companies should also pay attention to accident prevention, risk assessment and dispatching efficiency, which will help to improve the core competitiveness of the company. Please pay attention to and message carrier rich for more about fleet management solutions.
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Driving fatigue is something that every driver has encountered, especially in the driving environment of long-distance and traffic jam. According to statistics, fatigue related traffic accidents account for about 20% of the total accidents and more than 40% of major traffic accidents in China. Fatigue driving is an international problem in the field of traffic safety management, which widely exists, which is closely related to the inadequate implementation of the functions required by the standards of fatigue driving monitoring equipment.
Of course, to solve this problem, car factories and aftermarket are trying.
At the fourth World Internet Conference, Robin Li said that intelligent driving is the area where Baidu focuses on artificial intelligence. In this area, Baidu will launch a system of anti fatigue driving with FAW next year, because “we hope that the truck drivers will not lose their lives before they lose their jobs.” Baidu fatigue driving monitoring system will be one of the landing methods of image recognition technology based on Baidu brain. It will judge through infrared face recognition. When the truck driver enters the fatigue state, the system will send corresponding warning information.
The detection methods of driver’s fatigue state can be roughly divided into detection methods based on driver’s physiological signal, physiological response characteristics, operation behavior and vehicle state information.
Based on driver’s physiological signal
The physiological indexes of drivers in fatigue state will deviate from the indexes of normal state, and the research on fatigue driving was first based on this aspect. At present, the more mature detection methods include the measurement of EEG and ECG of drivers.
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological signal has high accuracy in judging fatigue, but the physiological signal needs to be measured by contact and is highly dependent on individuals. Therefore, there are many limited factors in the actual operation, so it is mainly used in the experiment as the control parameter.
Based on the physiological response characteristics of drivers
The detection method infers the driver’s fatigue state by using the driver’s eye movement characteristics and head movement characteristics. The eye movement and blink information are considered to be important features reflecting fatigue.
At present, there are many algorithms on eye movement mechanism. PERCLOS, a widely used algorithm, takes the percentage of eyelid closure time in a period of time as the measurement index of physiological fatigue. However, the problem faced by this kind of algorithm is that the adaptability of the algorithm is difficult to optimize due to different races and different eye socket depths. Moreover, when facing the change of scene light, the accuracy of face recognition will also be affected.
Based on driver’s operation behavior
The driver’s fatigue state can be inferred by processing the driver’s steering wheel operation data. At present, there are many uncertainties in this way, which is limited by personal habits, driving speed, road environment and operation skills, so there are few in-depth research results in this aspect.
Based on vehicle trajectory
The driver’s fatigue state is inferred from the driving information such as vehicle trajectory change and lane line deviation.
It is reported that there are two technical thresholds for fatigue detection, that is, the complexity of the application scenario and the bottleneck of the algorithm itself.
Let’s take a look at the tips provided by major car companies and aftermarket to deal with fatigue driving.
Benz
Mercedes Benz has its own unique system in fatigue driving detection and early warning, which is called “attention assistance system”, and is configured on C, Cl, e, GLK, s, GL, SLK and SL models.
Firstly, the system collects the driver’s driving behavior within 15-20 minutes after the vehicle starts, and files it as a reference system.
Through a series of sensors equipped on the vehicle, each command of the driver is monitored. Up to 70 kinds of data, such as driving time, steering angle, vehicle speed, acceleration and driver behavior, are recorded. The system monitors these data and compares them with the data in the file. So as to make a judgment when the driver is tired driving and give corresponding reminders. It is worth noting that this system starts when the vehicle speed is 60km / h.
Toyota Lexus
Some models of Lexus, a high-end car brand of Toyota, such as ls600h L, can be equipped with driver attention monitor to record the driver’s facial expression through the infrared LED display installed around the steering rod. If there are continuous blinking, eye closing and line of sight deviation, the alarm will be remembered.
public
Volkswagen determines whether it is in a fatigue state through the information of steering angle sensor or electronic power steering system, that is, the driver’s steering action. This system is called “fatigue identification system”. If the driver’s steering behavior exceeds a specific value and the vehicle speed exceeds 65km / h, the system will recognize that the driver has signs of fatigue driving. Passat alltrack is equipped with this system as standard.
modern
The system developed by Hyundai to prevent fatigue driving is to monitor the driver’s heart rate and vehicle driving status. The new Hyundai Sonata is equipped with a fatigue driving reminder system.
BYD
The fatigue monitoring system equipped by BYD is called “fatigue driving early warning system”. It is a device based on the driver’s physiological image response and composed of ECU and camera. It uses the driver’s facial features, eye signals and head mobility to infer the driver’s fatigue state, give an alarm and take corresponding measures.
At present, most of the vehicle manufacturers’ systems to deal with fatigue driving are equipped with medium and high-end models.
New ways to play in the aftermarket
AI play
Compared with small passenger car drivers, commercial vehicles such as buses, intercity buses, airport buses and operating trucks, especially passenger and freight vehicles running long-distance transportation, crash is a high-risk group of fatigue. Therefore, there is a demand for the aftermarket. It is reported that the fatigue driving monitoring system has two technical difficulties to overcome. On the one hand, it is the bottleneck of the algorithm itself, on the other hand, it is the complexity of the use scenario.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
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As we all know, the freight logistics industry needs timeliness, and the transportation efficiency also determines the money income, so it has become the norm for truck drivers to drive hard. In this case, most of the time, drivers are driving in a state of slight or serious fatigue, which is very dangerous, because the reaction speed of people’s brain will be greatly reduced in a state of fatigue. There are many accidents caused by fatigue driving in China every year.
Fatigue driving accident
Article 62 of the regulations for the implementation of the road traffic safety law stipulates that driving a motor vehicle shall not have the following behaviors: driving a motor vehicle continuously for more than 4 hours without stopping for rest or stopping for less than 20 minutes.
However, it is common for truck drivers to drive continuously for more than 10 hours. This is related to their indifferent safety awareness, but it is more due to the constraints of livelihood and transportation time. In order to reduce the harm of fatigue driving to driving safety, we can start from two aspects.
Establish safety awareness and improve the income of transportation practitioners
Life pressure means that many truck drivers ignore the importance of safety and establish safety awareness from top to bottom. Team managers first pay attention to safety management and strengthen the publicity and education of safe driving. The team should regularly organize regular safety meetings to publicize the harm of fatigue driving; The team leader shall remind and check every day. Japan is the country with the least truck accidents in the world, thanks to their establishment and improvement of safety management mechanism. The second is to reduce the burden on truck drivers and improve the income of practitioners in the transportation industry. The combination of the two can fundamentally reduce the current situation of truck drivers’ fatigue driving. At this stage, the imbalance between truck drivers’ income and pay is the root of the problem of fatigue driving.
Introduction of fatigue driving warning system
Mercedes Benz, Lexus and other manufacturers have long been widely used in the field of household vehicles in terms of fatigue driving reminder function. Its principle is to detect and analyze the driver’s eye state, driving posture, accelerator and brake pedal control, driving track, hand action, etc. through sensors and backup cameras. When the driver is detected to have fatigue driving tendency, it will vibrate, Buzzer, instrument display reminder icon, etc. to help the driver restore normal mental state and remind the driver to rest.
For truck drivers, this function is undoubtedly very helpful. When the driver is sleepy and distracted, although the fatigue driving warning function can not directly take over the control of the vehicle, reminding the driver to pay attention to his mental state is also a great help for many drivers who drive long-distance bicycles.
At present, domestic truck enterprises have not launched models with fatigue driving reminder function, which is subject to both cost and technology, but the practicability of this function is beyond doubt. In fact, the effect of front loading can be realized by installing the fatigue driving early warning system. Shenzhen automotive element Industry Co., Ltd. is committed to the research and development of automotive active safety system. As early as 2009, it introduced a world-class advanced driving assistance system, which can effectively prevent front rear end collision accidents. With the continuous upgrading of the product system, in 2018, the company took the lead in launching the fatigue driving early warning system and safety management platform. The fatigue driving early warning hardware equipment is installed on the vehicle’s central console, which can effectively detect the driver’s fatigue or bad behavior such as closing his eyes, lowering his head, yawning, calling and smoking, and send out an alarm in real time, with a recognition accuracy of more than 95%, This is a blessing for logistics enterprises and truck drivers.
The fatigue driving warning system can be purchased and installed separately, but it is not enough to remind the driver only through the local terminal. The safety management platform can collect the bad driving behavior in the driving process in real time, upload the pictures and videos to the management platform, and the manager can view them in real time, which greatly improves the pertinence of management. The combination of the two will greatly improve the driving safety factor and prevent accidents.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system and ADAS products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
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Driver fatigue monitor system is a part of ADAS. It captures and analyzes the driver’s biological behavior information during driving, detects the driver’s fatigue, and carries out early warning. At present, there are two main fatigue detection methods: one is driver driving behavior analysis, that is, by analyzing the driver’s behavior characteristics such as turning the steering wheel and stepping on the brake, to judge whether the driver is tired, but this method is greatly affected by the driver’s habits; The second is to evaluate the fatigue of the driver’s face and eye features through image recognition. The second method is gradually accepted and adopted by the main engine factory. Qingyan micro vision is to provide a driver fatigue early warning solution through expression recognition.)
In November 2017, in order to solve the potential safety hazards caused by fatigue driving, the newly launched hanteng x7s introduced an on-board intelligent fatigue driving early warning system using unique face recognition technology.
At present, the development of fatigue driving early warning system has encountered an insurmountable bottleneck. First, it is difficult to realize on-board real-time detection instruments. At present, most of the detection sensors are contact, which often cause driver discomfort or affect driver operation in the actual driving process. The second is that the fatigue index is not objective enough. A single monitoring index can not accurately measure whether the driver is tired or not. Therefore, looking for a suitable vehicle, real-time and objective fatigue index has become the bottleneck restricting the fatigue driving early warning system, so that there has been no widely popularized product and commercialization achievements in this field.
The Research Report on fatigue driving early warning system industry aims to start with the national economic and industrial development strategy, analyze the future policy trend of fatigue driving early warning system and the development trend of supervision system, tap the market potential of fatigue driving early warning system industry, and provide in-depth research on industrial scale, industrial structure, regional structure, market competition Vivid description of market changes from multiple angles such as industrial profitability and clear development direction. Predict the market prospect of fatigue driving early warning system business in the future, so as to help customers get rid of the policy fog and look for investment opportunities in fatigue driving early warning system industry. Based on a lot of analysis and prediction, the report studies the future development and investment strategy of fatigue driving early warning system industry, so as to provide fatigue driving early warning system enterprises with insight into the opportunities in the fierce market competition and timely adjust their business strategies according to the market demand, It provides accurate market intelligence information and scientific decision-making basis for strategic investors to choose appropriate investment opportunities and the company’s leadership to make strategic planning.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/图片6-3.png300720leisureautosafetyhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngleisureautosafety2021-12-27 03:09:122021-12-27 03:09:12What is the market development of driver fatigue early warning system industry? Industry development potential
According to the relevant statistical data, among the major traffic accidents on the expressway, the accidents caused by fatigue driving account for more than 40%. The effective early warning and control of driving behavior is the core factor to reduce the accident rate.
However, the concept of “driving fatigue” is still lack of a clear definition, and the judgment of driving behavior will be affected by individual differences.
In the process of improving technology and relevant standards, it has also attracted enterprises from different roles, including traditional auto parts manufacturers and AI vision startups.
Front loading is still blank, and the overall market is still passive
It has been 13 months since the Ministry of Communications issued the decree last year that operating buses over 9 meters must be equipped with a front view. Insiders said that although there is still a certain buffer period from the actual implementation, this policy will certainly be implemented in 2018.
At that time, the 9-meter bus without front view will not be able to obtain the safety certificate, and the mandatory standards force the market to respond. However, from the perspective of functional safety, AEB function can not achieve 100% safety in all scenarios after all, and fatigue early warning (or driving behavior monitoring) is a bonus to AEB.
Although there is no mandatory standard for fatigue driving early warning system, for suppliers, ADAS can play a limited role in the short term. At the same time, the market recognizes the role of fatigue driving early warning system in active safety, especially for the long average driving time of commercial vehicle drivers, which is more prone to fatigue, Many suppliers have shifted their business focus to the fatigue driving early warning system.
Although the market prospect seems good, in fact, many suppliers of fatigue driving early warning system are out of interest, which promotes the implementation of fatigue driving early warning system.
In the commercial vehicle market, in order to take a share in the field of active safety, many suppliers have accelerated their speed. For the forward-looking part, a complete set of SOP can be completed as soon as February and March next year. According to the previous speed, it takes nearly a year to complete a complete set of SOP.
However, there is only more than half a year left between now and February next year. It is difficult to say whether this behavior is the accurate control of the market or the rush to act just because of the selling points and market opportunities of the products.
In this process, although the cost of commercial vehicles is also one of the issues to be considered, most of the products used in commercial vehicles are promoted by the government and purchased uniformly, which is the main driving force of the fatigue driving early warning system carried on commercial vehicles.
In the passenger car market, the popularity of fatigue driving early warning system is very low. As the main consumer group in this part of the market, private car owners have different needs for products from commercial car owners, and there are few real safety considerations. Their purpose of using products is more because of freshness.
According to the monitoring data of ggai, by the end of last year, the penetration rate of passenger cars equipped with fatigue warning function was only 11.48%, and the actual production and sales accounted for less than 5%. Among them, the price of most configured models was more than 350000 yuan. Most of the suppliers were overseas manufacturers.
Especially for passenger cars below 200000, the installation cost of equipment is a big problem. The product combined with infrared camera and algorithm needs at least 1000 yuan. In addition, the practicability of the product is relatively low compared with passenger cars. Under comprehensive consideration, the possibility of selection by domestic users with high price sensitivity will be greatly reduced (especially most models choose the optional mode).
As for suppliers, they all want their products to enter the front decoration, so as to ensure stable and visible business income. A number of suppliers and principals of main engine manufacturers told Gaogong intelligent vehicle that there is no real front loading early warning product in the market at present.
The existing products are mostly installed in front of the sales end of some models through the 4S store. There is still a certain distance between such “quasi front loading” and the real “landing” of the fatigue driving early warning system.
The trend of integrating ADAS scheme is obvious
At present, the development trend of fatigue driving early warning system is to combine with ADAS function to realize the integration of in cabin and out cabin safety.
For example, if the fatigue driving warning system is combined with the functions of AEB, it can not only remind, but also realize autonomous braking in dangerous situations, and the safety will be greatly enhanced. It can be said that only when the fatigue driving early warning system is combined with the forward-looking ADAS function can a complete closed-loop ADAS system be formed.
The future fatigue driving early warning system may be based on one platform, integrate internal and external vision, realize systematic safety assessment and risk prediction based on the same chip computing platform, and respond by relying on preset programs.
This safety concept has great potential in the market of “two customers and one danger”, and it is also a key breakthrough field for many suppliers at present. In addition, all kinds of dangerous goods transport vehicles, heavy vehicles, port vehicles, including railway dangerous goods transport vehicles, are now the competitive markets of major suppliers.
The development of fatigue driving early warning system products is a long-term process. The fusion algorithm and hardware also involve image recognition. It needs to accumulate and debug the sample database for a long time, and there is no shortcut in technology.
However, at present, the R & D and production of fatigue driving early warning equipment in China is still in a passive state. More suppliers frankly say that at present, there are few domestic suppliers who have completely independent research and development, and even many are replicating. To be stable and accurate, a large number of data improvement iterations are required. It is not only a matter of time, but also involves economic benefits. Many problems need to be overcome in the process.
The OEMs said that the biggest bottleneck in the technical solutions of domestic suppliers is to develop algorithms based on the established chip solutions of the OEMs, but there are still large gaps in this part.
No matter whether the real front loading products can land or not, the development of domestic fatigue driving early warning system is inevitable. But what can really stand the test of the market and finally survive is the products with excellent technology.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/图片2-3.png5001000leisureautosafetyhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngleisureautosafety2021-12-27 03:06:442021-12-27 03:06:44The development trend of fatigue driving early warning system is to combine with ADAS function
Driving fatigue refers to the decline in the driver’s reaction ability caused by lack of sleep or long-term continuous driving. This decline is manifested in the driver’s drowsiness, dozing, wrong driving operation or complete loss of driving ability.
Driving fatigue is reflected in both physiological and psychological aspects, including the function of nervous system, blood and eye changes; Psychological reaction includes prolonged reaction time, distraction and uncoordinated action. The investigation and Research on the causes of traffic accidents by Indiana University in the United States found that 85% of accidents are related to drivers, and only 15% are vehicle and environmental factors.
The driver’s behaviors and faults immediately before the accident directly lead to the accident. These behaviors include perceptual delay, wrong decision-making on the environment, improper handling of dangerous situations and so on. Among all driver errors, the most common are perceptual delay and decision-making errors. These errors will lead to inattention, slow reflection, improper operation and so on. The root cause of these errors is driving fatigue. Due to drivers’ fatigue driving, the level of vigilance decreases, resulting in the increase of traffic accidents, which has become a hot spot of general concern in the society.
If the driver drives tired, his ability of observation, recognition and vehicle control will be significantly reduced, which will seriously threaten his own safety and the lives of others. With the development of transportation industry, traffic accidents have become a serious problem faced by all countries.
Main monitoring methods of driver fatigue
The monitoring and early warning technology of driver fatigue and distraction has been highly valued by various countries because of its development prospect in traffic accident prevention. Researchers have carried out various research according to the physiological and operational characteristics of driver fatigue. Some research results have formed products and began to enter the market.
The detection methods of driver’s fatigue state can be roughly divided into detection methods based on driver’s physiological signal, driver’s physiological response characteristics, driver’s operation behavior and vehicle state information.
1. Detection method based on driver’s physiological signal
The research on fatigue began in physiology. Relevant research shows that the physiological indexes of drivers in fatigue state will deviate from the indexes of normal state. Therefore, whether the driver enters the fatigue state can be judged by the physiological indexes of the driver. At present, the more mature detection methods include the measurement of EEG and ECG of drivers.
Researchers have long found that EEG can directly reflect the activity of the brain. It is found that when entering the fatigue state, the activities of delta wave and theta wave in EEG will increase significantly, while the activities of alpha wave will increase slightly. In another study [6], EEG signals were monitored in simulators and real vehicles. The test results show that EEG is an effective method for monitoring driver fatigue. The researchers also found that EEG signal characteristics have great personal differences, such as gender and personality, and are also closely related to people’s psychological activities.
ECG is mainly used in the physiological measurement of driving burden. Research shows that ECG will decrease obviously and regularly when drivers are tired, and there is a potential relationship between HRV (heart rate change) and the change of fatigue degree during driving.
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological signal has high accuracy in fatigue judgment, but the physiological signal needs to be measured by contact, and it is highly dependent on individuals. It has many limitations when actually used in the driver’s fatigue monitoring. Therefore, it is mainly used in the experimental stage as the control parameter of the experiment.
2. Detection method based on driver’s physiological response characteristics
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics refers to inferring the driver’s fatigue state by using the driver’s eye movement characteristics and head movement characteristics.
The driver’s eye movement and blink information are considered to be important characteristics to reflect fatigue. Blink amplitude, blink frequency and average closing time can be directly used to detect fatigue. At present, there are many algorithms to study driving fatigue based on eye movement mechanism. The widely used algorithms include PERCLOS, which takes the percentage of eyelid closure time in a period of time as the measurement index of physiological fatigue.
Using face recognition technology to locate the positions of eyes, nose tip and mouth corner, combine the positions of eyes, nose tip and mouth corner, and then according to the tracking of eyes, we can obtain the driver’s attention direction and judge whether the driver’s attention is distracted.
The head position sensor is used to detect the driver’s nodding action. The position of the driver’s head from each sensor is output through the capacitive sensor array, which can track the position of the head in real time and determine whether the driver is sleepy according to the change law of the head position. This study found that there is a very good correlation between nodding action and sleepiness.
The detection method based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics generally adopts non-contact measurement, which has good recognition accuracy and practicability.
3. Detection method based on driver’s operation behavior
Driver fatigue state recognition technology based on driver’s operation behavior refers to inferring driver’s fatigue state through driver’s operation behavior, such as steering wheel operation.
By processing the monitored driver’s steering wheel operation data, the research results reveal the relationship between driver’s steering wheel operation and fatigue to a certain extent. It is pointed out that the operation of steering wheel is an effective means to judge driving fatigue.
Generally speaking, there are few in-depth research results on fatigue identification using driver’s operation behavior. In addition to the fatigue state, the driver’s operation is also affected by personal habits, driving speed, road environment and operation skills. The driving state of the vehicle is also related to many environmental factors such as vehicle characteristics and roads. Therefore, how to improve the prediction accuracy of the driver’s state is the key problem of this kind of indirect measurement technology.
4. Detection method based on vehicle trajectory
The fatigue state of drivers can also be inferred by using vehicle driving information such as vehicle trajectory change and lane departure. Like the fatigue state recognition technology based on the driver’s operation behavior, this method is based on the existing devices of the vehicle, does not need to add too many hardware equipment, and will not interfere with the driver’s normal driving, so it has high practical value.
Fatigue driving recognition system based on video technology
In April 1999, the Federal Highway Administration first proposed PERCLOS as a feasible method to predict motor vehicle drivers’ driving fatigue. After years of development, PERCLOS method has been recognized as the most effective, on-board and real-time driving fatigue evaluation method. PERCLOS is the abbreviation of percentage of eye closure over the pupil time, which means the percentage of eye closure time in unit time.
The principle of PERCLOS is to count the time proportion of eye closure in a certain period of time. The evaluation standard adopted by our system is perclos80, which means that the eye is considered closed when the area of the eyelid covering the pupil exceeds 80%.
PERCLOS measurement principle
The value of PERCLOS can be calculated by measuring T1-T4:
Where f represents the percentage of eye closure time, i.e. the value of PERCLOS.
System scheme and workflow of fatigue driving recognition system based on video technology
The driver fatigue monitoring system obtains the driver’s real-time image through the video acquisition equipment, automatically analyzes the driver’s head posture, eye movement law and facial features to determine the driver’s mental state, and gives the corresponding early warning prompt. The research shows that compared with the law of face or head movement, the law of eye activity, such as blink frequency, blink speed, eye opening range and eye gaze direction, can better reflect the mental state of the subjects at the current time.
Therefore, if the eye size, position information and motion changes in each frame of image can be obtained, the driver’s eye activity law can be counted for a period of time, and the driver’s fatigue state can be evaluated in combination with the fatigue state analysis index. The system flow is shown in the figure below:
Image preprocessing
In the driving environment, the image collected through the video stream will be affected by many factors, including noise information, such as resolution, system noise, abrupt background, etc., which will interfere with the next image operation. Therefore, we preprocess the source image by histogram equalization to remove noise, enhance image contrast, highlight image details and improve image quality.
Before and after equalization
Histogram before equalization histogram after equalization
Face detection
Face detection is an important step before eye location. The system adopts AdaBoost algorithm and uses the provided sample training and detection methods. Firstly, samples are collected and a classifier is trained from the collected samples. The classifier can distinguish human face and non human face well; In the detection link, load the image frame to be tested into the classifier, scan the image pixels to find the face contained in the image and calibrate the area. The subsequent operations will be carried out in the calibrated face area to reduce the calculation area and eliminate the interference of non face factors, which greatly improves the operation rate of the system.
Eye location
This link includes two stages: rough human eye positioning and accurate human eye positioning. Firstly, according to the prior knowledge of Chinese traditional three courtyards and five eyes, there must be an approximate area of human eyes in rough positioning. This area may contain interference such as eyebrows and hair angles at the same time, but it further reduces the calculation area; Then, the rough area of the human eye is converted into a binary image through a certain threshold, and then the gray projection in the vertical direction is carried out to obtain the histogram. Because there is a large difference between the gray of the human eye and the surrounding skin, the Y coordinates of the upper and lower edges of the human eye can be determined from the peaks and troughs in the histogram, and then the eyes can be accurately located.
Eye state judgment
Through the maximum interclass variance method (Otsu), the accurate area of human eyes is binarized with different thresholds under different light rays to obtain the best eye shape when human eyes are open and closed. Through the comparison of continuous n frames, it can be judged that the driver is currently in the closed state when the area of black pixel value is the smallest, and in other cases, it is in the open or semi open state.
Fatigue analysis
The system selects the currently recognized and effective percols fatigue evaluation index, that is, the fatigue state is analyzed by the time proportion of eye closed frames in consecutive n frames. The eye open frames are recorded as “1” value and the eye closed frames are recorded as “0” value. In this way, after consecutive n frames, the staggered sequence of “1” and “0” can be obtained, The analysis of fatigue state can be described by the proportion of “0” value in the sequence. When the percentage is higher than a certain experimental proportion, it can be considered that the driver may be tired.
Through the operation and processing of the above five steps, the system can analyze whether the current driver is in fatigue state and fatigue degree from the video stream obtained by the acquisition equipment, and give different degrees of reminder and alarm, so as to achieve the system goal.
Comprehensive judgment of fatigue degree
The judgment of driver fatigue will be adversely affected by error inspection. Through the calculation of PERCLOS, eye closing time, eye blinking frequency, mouth opening degree and head movement, the comprehensive judgment of driver fatigue can be carried out accurately and effectively.
PERCLOS
PERCLOS refers to the percentage of eye closure time in a specific time. PERCLOS method has three criteria: p70, p80 and em. The research shows that p80 has the best correlation with fatigue degree.
Mouth opening
There are usually three states of the mouth: closing, speaking and yawning. In the fatigue state, people will frequently yawn, and it will be found that there is a trough in the horizontal gray projection curve of the lower half of the area, that is, the position between the lips. Binarize the lower part of the face, and calculate the pixel value of the connected area (the connected area can prevent nostrils and whiskers from affecting the calculation) from the lips up and down to obtain the opening degree of the mouth.
Eye height and mouth height compensation
When the vertical distance from the upper eyelid to the lower eyelid and the vertical distance from the upper lip to the lower lip, because the driver’s head moves relative to the detection equipment, in order to realize the accurate calculation of the driver’s eye height and mouth height, it is necessary to correct the changes caused by the relative changes in the distance between the eyes, mouth and the detection equipment.
Eye closure time
Eye closure time is generally expressed by the time from eye closure to opening. When a person is in a normal awake state, the closing time of his eyes is very short and he will open his eyes quickly. In case of fatigue, the eye closure time will be significantly longer, so the eye closure time can directly reflect the driver’s mental state. By calculating the maximum number of frames from eye closure to opening, the more frames, the longer the closing time, and the more serious the fatigue.
Eyes blink less frequently. The horizontal gray projection is performed on the lower half of the face, and the horizontal gray projection curves of different single person images are observed,
People blink more frequently when they are tired than when they are awake. This paper also takes it as a parameter as the basis of fatigue judgment. Blink once when the eyes are closed to open. The number of blinks in a period of time is accumulated as a parameter for fatigue judgment.
Fatigue parameters of head movement
When the driver is tired, he will nod frequently and tilt his head forward. The horizontal positions of eye pupil and mouth corner are obtained by horizontal gray integral projection. Suppose D1 is the distance from the horizontal position of the pupil to the upper edge of the collected picture, and D2 is the distance from the horizontal position of the corner of the mouth to the lower edge of the collected picture. When the driver nods due to fatigue, D1 increases and D2 decreases. When the driver is tired and the head tilts forward, D1 increases and D2 increases. Nodding and head leaning forward can be used as an important basis for fatigue judgment.
Current situation of fatigue driving monitoring technology
Driver fatigue monitor launched by attention technologies (dd850) is a driver fatigue monitoring and early warning product based on the driver’s physiological response characteristics. The product collects the driver’s eye information through the infrared camera and uses PERCLOS as the fatigue alarm indicator. It can be directly installed on the instrument panel. The alarm sensitivity and alarm sound can be adjusted. At present, it has been popularized and applied, but it is only effective at night.
The s.a.m. fatigue alarm device developed by digital installations in the United States uses a magnetic strip placed under the steering wheel to detect the steering wheel angle. If the driver does not make any correction to the steering wheel for a period of time, the system infers that the driver enters a fatigue state and triggers an alarm.
Safetrac of assistware technology company of the United States uses the front video head to identify the lane line and give an alarm when the vehicle starts to deviate from the lane. The product can also judge the driver’s fatigue state by combining the lane holding state with the driver’s steering wheel operating characteristics.
The astid device in the UK comprehensively considers various factors such as the driver’s sleep information, the length and type of driving completed, and the driver’s steering wheel operation to judge the driver’s fatigue state. Before the device operates, the driver needs to input his sleep information in the past 24 hours. When the visual alarm reaches a certain level, the audible alarm will be triggered, and the driver is advised to stop and rest. After a period of rest, the built-in alarm clock will wake up the driver and reset the driving time.
In addition to these products, there are also fatigue alarm bracelets that detect fatigue through wrist movement and bracelets that can be hung on eyes and legs
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.png00leisureautosafetyhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngleisureautosafety2021-12-27 02:18:512021-12-27 02:18:51How to identify the driver’s fatigue state in the vehicle fatigue driving identification and early warning system？
The thrill of fatigue driving is no less than that of drunk driving. Drivers are sleepy, unresponsive and weak in limbs. Even if they fall asleep and drive the car into the ditch, they may not be able to avoid sudden pedestrians and suddenly stopped trucks. According to the research of world authoritative institutions, more than 60% of the world’s major traffic accidents are caused by drivers’ lack of energy. So can we take the initiative to prevent fatigue driving? It can only be said that we have to develop good work and rest and eating habits by ourselves. It is certain to ensure adequate sleep before driving. It is best to take a friend who can drive before long-distance driving and drive in turn. At the same time, we should avoid maintaining a fixed posture for a long time. We can often adjust the sitting posture of local fatigue parts and breathe deeply to promote blood circulation; In addition, maintain a good working environment. During driving, keep the air in the cab unblocked, with appropriate temperature and humidity, and properly play some refreshing music.
When driving in the future, we should: wholeheartedly maintain safety and never forget safety in every word and deed; One gear and one foot comply with safety, and one bend and one slope ensure safety; If you are tired, don’t drive a “confused car”, be modest and cautious, don’t drive a “hero car”, abide by the law and discipline, and don’t drive a “illegal car”. Consciously obey the inspection and command of the public security traffic management personnel, consciously abide by the traffic laws and regulations, do not drink and drive, do not overspeed and overload, actively accept the safety education activities of the public security traffic police and the school, and strive to be a leader in abiding by the discipline and law.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
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3. Driving for more than 8 hours a day, or excessive physical exertion or insufficient sleep due to other reasons, drowsiness and weakness of limbs during driving, and failure to timely find and accurately deal with road traffic conditions. Having the above three elements at the same time constitutes “fatigue driving”.
Technical identification of fatigue driving.
1. Calculate the cumulative driving time of the driver within 24 hours before the behavior is found. If it exceeds 8 hours and there is an external appearance of fatigue driving, it meets the fatigue driving conditions;
2. Through investigation, it is confirmed that the driver continues to drive the vehicle when he has excessive physical exertion or insufficient sleep due to other reasons, sleepy and weak limbs during driving, and can not find and accurately deal with the road traffic conditions in time. Although the cumulative time does not exceed 8 hours, it can still be recognized as fatigue driving.
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
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Relevant news reports show that every year, more than 90000 people are killed or seriously injured in accidents caused by fatigue driving, and 20% of highway accidents are caused by fatigue driving. A study by the American Automobile Association shows that fatigue driving accidents are eight times more than expected.
·What is fatigue driving?
Fatigue driving refers to the phenomenon that the driver has physiological and psychological dysfunction after driving continuously for a long time, and the driving skills decline objectively.
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China’s road traffic safety law stipulates that if excessive fatigue affects safe driving, motor vehicles shall not be driven. The regulations for the implementation of the road traffic safety law stipulates that it is not allowed to drive a motor vehicle continuously for more than 4 hours without stopping for rest or for less than 20 minutes.
Based on the regulations, the current mainstream believes that driving continuously for 4 hours is fatigue driving and must rest, but is this really the case?
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China’s road traffic safety law stipulates that if excessive fatigue affects safe driving, motor vehicles shall not be driven. The regulations for the implementation of the road traffic safety law stipulates that it is not allowed to drive a motor vehicle continuously for more than 4 hours without stopping for rest or for less than 20 minutes.
Based on the regulations, the current mainstream believes that driving continuously for 4 hours is fatigue driving and must rest, but is this really the case?
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Imagine the following scenarios.
Does a healthy 20-year-old adult and a healthy 50 year old adult have the same fatigue value when driving for 4 hours? Normally, the answer is No.
Similarly, is the fatigue value of a healthy 20-year-old adult who drives continuously for 4 hours after sufficient sleep the same as that after staying up late? The answer is No.
To borrow a popular saying, people’s physique can not be generalized. 4 hours is more like the theoretical limit value, that is, no matter how energetic the driver is, he should rest after driving for 4 hours. In normal driving, they are more inclined to rest as long as they are sleepy, they are tired driving, and they should rest whether they drive for 4 hours or not.
Of course, proper use of some driving skills can also alleviate fatigue to a certain extent.
·Tips for relieving fatigue
Tip 1: get enough sleep
There is no doubt that adequate sleep is the best way for human function to recuperate, reduce and eliminate fatigue.
According to the American Automobile Association, if you lose 2-3 hours of sleep, you will have a more than four times chance of accidents. Therefore, the majority of car owners, especially before long-distance driving, must ensure a very sufficient sleep.
Skill 2: correct posture
Adjust the seat to a moderate height. If the seat is too high, the driver is easy to hunch when driving. Even if you keep a straight posture, it will appear stiff and inconvenient to operate.
The seat can be tilted back slightly to keep the body balanced while driving and relieve the pressure on the neck and back. For vehicles without lumbar support function, a lumbar cushion can be added at the gap between the back and the seat to make long-distance driving feel more comfortable.
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Tip 3: watch your diet
Diet is also a very important aspect. Some foods have the function of sleeping and refreshing. They should be avoided before driving, such as milk, bananas, fat and alcoholic foods.
Similarly, some foods have the effect of refreshing and refreshing, and are sharp tools for peers in long-distance driving. Such as coffee, gum, mint, etc. Of course, if you can hold with your fellow passengers, then the golden combination of “betel nut and smoke, boundless magic” is worth having.
Technique 4: Technology blessing
Install the proactive prevention system. When the driver unconsciously deviates from the original lane, the alarm can be given 0.5-1 second before departing from the lane, which provides more reaction time for the driver and greatly reduces the collision and rollover accidents caused by fatigue driving.
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Therefore, as a “future mass producer of science and technology”, Changan uni-t gives full play to its scientific and technological strength when helping car owners cope with fatigue driving.
Uni-t (parameter | picture) is equipped with uni life on-board intelligent interactive system with active thinking, and AI active service has become an intelligent terminal of “one step ahead of you”.
When approaching the high-speed off-road intersection, uni life reminds the driver to judge whether to get off the road when the driver is distracted or missing through line of sight tracking technology, combined with information such as turn signal, steering wheel angle and vehicle speed.
Uni-t will recognize the frequency of blinking and yawning of car owners, determine the level of fatigue driving, and carry out fatigue intervention by means of fresh air system, voice early warning, music refreshing, funny and so on, so as to make you “very energetic” at any time!
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Finally, I would like to emphasize that the above are auxiliary means, which only serve as an early warning and relief for fatigue. If you really feel tired, you must rest as soon as possible. There is no room for luck in the face of safety.
https://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/c83d70cf3bc79f3d25efa81caca99818728b29a5.jpeg341640leisureautosafetyhttps://leisureautosafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Untitled-1.pngleisureautosafety2021-12-24 08:21:462021-12-24 08:21:46Fatigue driving has always been the “number one killer” on the highway.
Nowadays, the freight market is prosperous and there are many trucks. Card friends are running around for life every day, but their hard work is not proportional to their income.
According to statistics, there are 30 million truck drivers in China, most of whom are aged 30 to 55. On average, 80% drive more than 8 hours a day
Most truck drivers have low education (graduated from junior high school). 90% of them are from rural areas. Men around the age of 40 are the largest group of truck drivers. At this age, it is not practical to enter the factory and can’t stand that working mode. The only thing they can do is to borrow money to buy a card car and run freight, making hard money
But now the freight industry is about to face a major reshuffle, card friends have been difficult to survive
Individual households who borrow money to buy trucks find it more and more difficult to find goods, and the freight is getting lower and lower. Many card friends can’t afford to repay their loans. They reluctantly pull goods and continue to run. Although there are large trucks running everywhere on the road, they really don’t make money (whoever buys them has a deep understanding)
In recent years, the economy of various industries has been depressed. Factories have no orders, trucks have no goods to pull, shippers do not make money, and card friends have no freight to earn
It’s not easy to be a truck driver. You can’t leave the truck for too long at any time on the way to pull goods. Especially in remote places, there are often oil rats stealing oil or touching porcelain. If it’s a high hurdle truck, it’s very troublesome to plug and pull railings and cover rain cloth when loading
Today, we mainly talk about the country’s requirement to drive a truck for 4 hours and rest for 20 minutes in order to prevent card friends from driving tired. Is it reasonable?
I personally think it is unreasonable
In the first case, let’s assume that if you have been driving on the low-speed highway for 3 hours today, you just need to drive on the highway. When you drive for an hour, the truck tachograph rings, prompting you to rest in time to prevent fatigue driving, but at this time you are driving on the highway and there is no service area in front of you. Excuse me, What should card friends do at this time?
Stop in the emergency Lane right away? Or continue driving? It’s not safe to stop in the emergency lane and rest. Keep driving. The dash cam will remind you that you’re tired. What do you say?
In the second case, cardyou drove the truck for 4 hours and was preparing to enter the service area for rest. It happened that there was a traffic jam ahead. Cardyou’s truck was blocked on the highway and the car didn’t turn off. After a while, the dash cam reported that the driver was tired. What do you do in this case?
Many people have to say, “the dash cam can really prevent driver fatigue. It is recommended to continue to use it”, but when you really drive a truck, you may not say so. There is really no place to tell the pain in the hearts of card friends
Personally, I think it should be increased to 5 hours before rest, and even if someone finds out, it can not be used as the basis for a fine
When driving a truck on the road, it is inevitable that there will be all kinds of things. Many times, it is not under the control of the driver
Therefore, driving for 4 hours and taking a rest for 20 minutes may not necessarily prevent fatigue driving. More importantly, it will be exploited by some people. Once a card friend is checked by someone for fatigue driving records, he may face fines and points deduction!
These are not what card friends should bear. In fact, card friends do not want to do so, but the regulations have been issued, and card friends can only abide by them reluctantly
It’s common for card friends to drive trucks and worry all day. It’s too difficult to be wary of oil rats (oil thieves), porcelain bumpers and post inspection
In fact, the freight life of card friends is also very boring. Conditional card friends will be equipped with on-board refrigerator, on-board air conditioner, on-board inverter, on-board electric rice cooker, etc. they usually eat and live in the car. A small cab is another home for card friends!
Card friends go out for transportation, and their parents, wives and children are also very worried
Kayou didn’t make money in the first two years of buying a new car and running transportation. Looking at the income every day, in fact, apart from family expenses, it’s just enough to repay the car loan, and there’s not much money left in his hand. Only when the car loan is paid off two years later and continues to run, can he earn money. At this time, the car also runs very hard. It needs to change tires, oil and tarpaulin. The cost is also very large.
Nowadays, the freight industry is in dire straits. There are many cars and few goods. People who have not run the transportation industry think that the freight industry is very profitable. As soon as they are hot headed, they borrow money to buy new trucks. As a result, they regret it too late. If they want to sell the car, they will lose money again. There is no way but to continue to run. In order to repay the car loan, card friends pull the goods when they see the goods, so the freight market is chaotic, Low freight
I advise all newcomers to be cautious and think clearly before joining the freight industry!
If you want to develop your own fatigue monitor system products, brands or software; please don’t hesitate to contact [email protected] , we won’t let you down.
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2. Through investigation, it is confirmed that the driver continues to drive the vehicle when he has excessive physical exertion or insufficient sleep due to other reasons, sleepy and weak limbs during driving, and can not find and accurately deal with the road traffic conditions in time. Although the cumulative time does not exceed 8 hours, it can still be recognized as fatigue driving.
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